The X-ray tube generates incident X-rays (primary X-rays) that excite the sample under test. Each element in the excited sample emits secondary X-rays, and the secondary X-rays emitted by different elements have specific energy properties or wavelength characteristics.

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is a rapid, non-destructive method of measuring substances.X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is the excitation of secondary X-rays when materials are bombarded with high-energy X-rays or gamma rays.

ray tube voltage and current are gradually and slowly raised to the specified values. The process of slowly increasing the tube voltage and current is called aging, and the longer the time the X-rays are off, the slower the tube current and current should increase.

Different elements emit characteristic X-rays of different energies and wavelengths, so by measuring the energy or wavelength of the X-rays, it is possible to know what element emits them and to carry out a qualitative analysis